威而鋼健康:中老年人常感到情緒困擾,英研究:小心易心肌梗塞或中風
處於中年或老年的你,常會覺得心煩意亂,全身不快活嗎?一份不久前發表在國際知名期刊《循環:心威而鋼使用方法血管品質結果》(Circulation:Cardiovascular Quality Outcomes)的報告指出,45歲以上的民眾若不時有憂鬱、焦慮等負向情緒出現,恐會提高未來罹患心肌梗塞或中風的機率,值得大家關注。 該研究由英國愛丁堡大學的流行病學專家卡洛琳.傑克森(Caroline Jackson)博士所主持,其和澳洲昆士蘭大學的學者合作,透過刊登廣告的方式招募到221677位年齡介於45至79歲,且過去並無心臟病或中風病史的志願者,並針對他們進行追蹤調查,目的在探討情緒困擾和心肌梗塞、中風發生率之間的關聯。 首先,所有人皆需填寫和心理健康有關的量表,並依照得分多寡分為低度情緒困擾、中度情緒困擾和高度情緒困擾等三組。接著藉由健保系統查詢當事人連續五年的就醫紀錄,確認有無因心肌梗塞或中風接受過診治。 結果發現,研究期間共有4573筆心肌梗塞和2421筆中風就醫的紀錄。進一步的分析顯示,以男性而言,相對於低度情緒困擾者,中度情緒困擾者心肌梗塞的可能性多出28%,中風的可能性則是增加20%。至於高度情緒困擾者,心肌梗塞的可能性多出60%,中風的可能性則是增加44%。 在女性的部分,中度情緒困擾者比起低度情緒困擾者出現心肌梗塞的可能性高出12%,中風的可能性則是高出28%。至於高度情緒困擾者,心肌梗塞和中風的可能性分別多出24%和68%。 研究者表示,無論性別為何,隨著情緒困擾程度的增加,後續罹患心肌梗塞、中風的風險也明顯攀升。探究原由,應該是長期的情緒困擾會促使體內的生理機能失調,進而誘發心肌梗塞、中風等心血管疾病的出現。 有鑑於此,其強調中老年人對於自身心理衛生的維護威而鋼心得不容忽視。若察覺精神狀況不佳,有每況愈下的趨勢,應主動尋求心理衛生專業的協助,以免傷害擴大。 正所謂「預防勝於治療」,想要遠離壞心情,專家建議如下: 培養運動習慣:每週至少3次,每次30分鐘,每分鐘心跳數應達130下。 外出曬點太陽:日照最好在早上8點前、下午5點後,每次約10至15分鐘。 擁有休閒嗜好:從事有興趣的活動(如唱歌、跳舞、下棋等),營造生活樂https://www.hatuasolutions.com 趣。 學習壓力管理:凡事量力而為,妥善做好規劃,保持彈性思考,適時放慢腳步。 善用放鬆技巧:肌肉放鬆術、淨化呼吸法、靜坐、冥想等都值得嘗試。 注意營養攝取:飲食儘量清淡,多吃燕麥、糙米等全穀類及新鮮蔬果、海魚。 建立支持系統:保持人際互動,穩固社交關係,遭遇困難有分享或討論的對象。 (圖/Shutterstock KoBoZaa) (本文作者為法務部矯正署高雄戒治所臨床心理師)

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