Symptoms
The typical symptoms of monkeypox include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion. Within 1 to 3 days after the appearance of fever, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on the face then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash changes and goes through different stages before finally forming a scab, which later falls off.
Diagnosis
If a person is suspected of having monkeypox based on their symptoms and risk factors, their health care provider may take a sample of fluid from their lesions to test for the virus. Diagnosis usually involves real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of swab samples from lesions to detect the presence of viral DNA. Electron microscopy or culture can also sometimes be used to diagnose monkeypox.
Monkeypox Treatment Options
There are currently no specific drugs licensed for the Monkeypox Treatment.infection. However, depending on the severity of symptoms, the following options may be used:
- Antiviral drugs: Some antiviral drugs that are licensed to treat smallpox may be used in severe cases of Monkeypox Treatment. Tecovirimat (TPOXX) is an antiviral drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat smallpox and is being used to treat severe cases of monkeypox. Cidofovir and brincidofovir are other antiviral options that may be prescribed.
- Vaccination after exposure: For people who come in close contact with someone infected, vaccination after exposure (also called post-exposure prophylaxis) with the smallpox vaccine may be recommended up to 14 days from exposure to help prevent the onset of the disease.
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen can help provide relief from symptoms like headache, muscle aches and fever.
- Anti-itch medications: Topical creams containing lidocaine or prilocaine can help provide relief from itching. Calamine lotion can also help dry out lesions and reduce itching. Oral antihistamines may be helpful as well.
- Prevention of bacterial infections: As monkeypox lesions rupture and crusted scabs form, a secondary bacterial infection is possible. To prevent this, proper wound care is important until the scabs fully heal.
Monkeypox Treatment Recovery Process
The symptoms of monkeypox usually last from 2 to 4 weeks. The rash generally forms crusts which then fall off, signaling the end of the infection. Most people recover fully from monkeypox within a few weeks. Some people may experience scarring from the sores. The CDC considers the infection resolved once the scabs from all the lesions have fallen off. Complete recovery depends on the severity of the individual case but typical cases clear up within 2-4 weeks.
Monkeypox Treatment for Complicated Cases
Most cases of monkeypox are mild but in rare cases, some people may develop severe symptoms that require hospitalization. This usually occurs in individuals with underlying immune deficiencies. For complicated cases that involve infections of the lungs, brain or eyes, additional specific treatments beyond those for uncomplicated cases may be used:
- Intravenous antivirals: Patients with severe disease may require intravenous (IV) administration of antiviral medications like tecovirimat or cidofovir for fasteraction and absorption.
- Management of secondary infections: If secondary bacterial infections affect the lungs (pneumonia) or bloodstream (sepsis), antibiotics suited for the infecting bacteria may be administered intravenously.
- Intensive symptom relief: For advanced complications like encephalitis or blindness, additional treatments focused on the specific organ involvement may be needed. This could include anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, surgery etc.
- ICU care: In rare severe or life-threatening cases, intensive care and monitoring in the hospital ICU may be life-saving.
while monkeypox is usually a mild self-limiting disease for most, a small subset of complicated cases may require aggressive inpatient medical care and management of advanced organ involvement.
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